原標(biāo)題：托福聽(tīng)力對(duì)話考點(diǎn)信息梳理

根據(jù)最近一年的考情反饋來(lái)看，大多數(shù)托福考生都反映，聽(tīng)力對(duì)話的內(nèi)容越來(lái)越趨向于細(xì)節(jié)化，甚至一道題會(huì)考到一個(gè)詞匯的意思。就像TPO 7 Conversation 1第二題問(wèn)到How did the man learn about Dean Adams’ retirement?（男生是怎么知道Dean Adams要退休的？）問(wèn)的是方式，答案選的是C. He heard other students discussing it. 其實(shí)要答對(duì)這道題，只要聽(tīng)懂一個(gè)詞的意思就可以了：“I just overheard some graduate students’ talking, something about a party for Dean Adams?” Overhear的意思是“to accidentally hear what other people are saying”, 即無(wú)意中聽(tīng)到。近期的考試中有好多題目都會(huì)考得細(xì)致到這種程度，所以對(duì)話不再是大家掌握一下結(jié)構(gòu)和大意就可以百分百拿下的了。本文中，老師將為考生們分析一下對(duì)話常考到的考點(diǎn)，做到知己知彼，在原來(lái)良好的聽(tīng)力基礎(chǔ)上，更有針對(duì)性地去聽(tīng)，提高答題正確率。

圖片源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)

在分析這些考點(diǎn)之前，我們先回顧一下托福聽(tīng)力考試的內(nèi)容。在托福聽(tīng)力考試中，我們會(huì)遇到兩篇2-3分鐘的對(duì)話，每篇對(duì)話涉及到5道題目，共10題；四篇5-7分鐘的講座，每篇講座涉及到6道題目，共24題。講座的分值雖然在聽(tīng)力里面占大頭，但是如若對(duì)話丟分太多，對(duì)于整個(gè)聽(tīng)力成績(jī)的影響會(huì)更大。所以，先把相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)話拿下，對(duì)于整個(gè)聽(tīng)力獲取高分來(lái)說(shuō)也有基礎(chǔ)性的作用。因此，大家在將大把時(shí)間用在精聽(tīng)講座之前，一定要先在對(duì)話答題上披荊斬棘。托福聽(tīng)力的兩篇對(duì)話都是發(fā)生在校園里面的，從主題上講一篇稱為“service encounter”, 即學(xué)生和工作人員之間的對(duì)話；另一篇稱為“office hours”, 即學(xué)生和教授之間的對(duì)話。在了解了聽(tīng)力對(duì)話的大致主題后，我們就可以準(zhǔn)備有針對(duì)性地去聽(tīng)考點(diǎn)了。

聽(tīng)力對(duì)話的考點(diǎn)我們大致可以總結(jié)到8-10個(gè)左右，本次詳解其中的2-3個(gè)。

對(duì)話主題/對(duì)話目的

托福聽(tīng)力中，第一題基本都是固定的，問(wèn)這篇對(duì)話的主旨“What are the speakers mainly discussing?”或者對(duì)話目的“Why does the professor want to see the student?”, “Why does the man go to see the professor?”由于我們的對(duì)話都在兩分鐘到三分鐘左右，所以主旨題，堅(jiān)持把對(duì)話聽(tīng)完再做整體判斷即可，這道題目相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，但是對(duì)話目的就不一樣了，尤其是當(dāng)目的和主旨不一致的時(shí)候。比如TPO 8 Conversation 1的對(duì)話開(kāi)頭學(xué)生講到“I’d like to drop off my graduation form. I understand you need this in order to process my diploma.”通過(guò)“I’d like to”可以判斷這是學(xué)生來(lái)的目的，這句話5秒鐘就結(jié)束了。但是在這篇兩分鐘四十八秒的對(duì)話中，后面的內(nèi)容討論的全都是由于學(xué)生的academic record上面出了問(wèn)題，師生討論要找出問(wèn)題原因并解決的話題，這樣一來(lái)，這篇對(duì)話的主旨和目的就不一致了。也就是學(xué)生來(lái)找老師的初衷是來(lái)提交表格(drop off my graduation form), 他之前并不知道自己的學(xué)術(shù)記錄有問(wèn)題，但后面主要討論的是與這個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)記錄還有畢業(yè)有關(guān)的信息。所以第一題“Why does the man go to see the registrar?”答案為：“to submit a document required for graduation”, 注意drop off 和submit的同義替換，而不是“to explain why he has not fulfilled his graduation requirements”。所以要想判斷好主旨和目的是否一致，一定要聽(tīng)好第一句話。

問(wèn)題原因

之前我們討論過(guò)對(duì)話中的典型結(jié)構(gòu)，其中一種結(jié)構(gòu)是“提建議型”，即“提出問(wèn)題-分析問(wèn)題-解決問(wèn)題”，在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，學(xué)生遇到trouble, 需要老師或者相關(guān)工作人員幫助提出建議從而解決trouble。那么既然是遇到trouble了，有些學(xué)生會(huì)給出這個(gè)問(wèn)題或者這個(gè)麻煩的原因，在聽(tīng)力里面，這些邏輯關(guān)系詞都很簡(jiǎn)單，表原因的一般都用“because, since, for, as”。那么如果學(xué)生提到問(wèn)題原因了，基本就會(huì)成為考點(diǎn)。比如TPO 16 Conversation 1, 在對(duì)話開(kāi)頭，老師問(wèn)道“So, you’re having problem with?” 學(xué)生回答道“Noise, like I explained on the phone, we’ve always had our rehearsals in the Lincoln Auditorium, every day at three o’clock, and it’s always worked just great. But the past few weeks, with the noise, it’s been a total nightmare, since construction started next door on the Science Hall.” 學(xué)生在解釋完問(wèn)題后，通過(guò)“since”說(shuō)明了問(wèn)題原因是旁邊有一個(gè)施工隊(duì)的工作。

對(duì)應(yīng)的題目如下“What problem concerning Lincoln Auditorium is mentioned?”

A. There is no piano in the auditorium

B. The auditorium has been booked by the jazz ensemble

C. The auditorium is located near a construction site

D. The auditorium’s stage is not large enough to hold the whole choir

了解問(wèn)題原因后，我們可以輕松選出C選項(xiàng)。

除此之外，對(duì)話還會(huì)考到像老師要求，學(xué)校要求，語(yǔ)氣，例子，比較對(duì)比等必考考點(diǎn)，大家一定要提前熟悉考點(diǎn)，做到考試的時(shí)候，聽(tīng)到聽(tīng)力文本就可以自行判斷可能會(huì)考到的題目，有備無(wú)患，這樣在聽(tīng)完對(duì)話，開(kāi)始做題的時(shí)候就可以兵來(lái)將擋，水來(lái)土掩。